Affirmative action [소수자 우대정책]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affirmative_action

Affirmative action 이란 말은 소수자 우대정책 으로, positive discrimination 이라고도 불린다. 문화안에서 차별받는 그룹에게 역차별적으로 특별고용기회를 주는 정책이다. 인종, 성별, 종교, 출신국가에 상관없이 고용될수 있도록 만든 정책이다. 

Affirmative action or positive discrimination^[1] (known as employment equity in Canada, reservation in India, and positive action in the UK) is the policy of providing special opportunities for, and favoring members of, one group over another, when those being favored are perceived as a disadvantaged group who suffer from discrimination within a culture.^[2][3][4][5]

The nature of positive discrimination policies varies from region to region. Some countries, such as India, use a quota system, whereby a certain percentage of jobs or school vacancies must be set aside for members of a certain group. In some other regions, specific quotas do not exist; instead, members of minorities are given preference in selection processes.

Origins

The term "affirmative action" was first used in the United States in Executive Order 10925 and was signed by President John F. Kennedy on 6 March 1961. It was used to promote actions that achieve non-discrimination. In 1965, President Lyndon B. Johnson issued Executive Order 11246 which required government employers to take "affirmative action" to "hire without regard to race, religion and national origin".^{[clarification needed]} In 1967, sex was added to the anti-discrimination list

Purpose[edit]

Affirmative action is intended to promote the opportunities of defined minority groups within a society to give them equal access to that of the privileged majority population.

It is often instituted for government and educational settings to ensure that certain designated "minority groups" within a society are included "in all programs".The stated justification for affirmative action by its proponents is that it helps to compensate for past discrimination, persecution or exploitation by the ruling class of a culture,^[7] and to address existing discrimination.^[8]